To handle online administration in Spain, you need a secure digital identification. This guide explains how to get your certificado digital (digital certificate) or sign up for the cl@ve pin (cl@ve pin) system.
Digital Certificate versus Cl@ve
Spain uses two main digital signature systems. You can get both.
- Certificado Digital: This is a software file you install on your web browser. It is issued by the Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (National Mint) or FNMT. It is best for downloading official files and signing complex documents.
- Cl@ve: This is a mobile app and SMS-based system. It sends you a temporary PIN code on your phone when you log into a government website. It is best for quick mobile access.
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Step-by-step guide to get a Digital Certificate
You must follow a strict process to request and install the certificate. You must use the same computer, browser, and user profile for both the request and the download.
Steps to get the certificate
- Open a supported browser (Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome) on your computer. Install the FNMT configuration software from the official FNMT website.
- Fill out the online request form on the FNMT portal. Enter your NIE or DNI number and your email address.
- Check your email. You will receive a nine-digit request code. Print this code.
- Book an appointment at an authorized oficina de registro (registry office). These offices are located at local Ayuntamiento town halls, Social Security offices, or tax agency branches.
- Visit the office with your documents to verify your identity. The clerk will activate your certificate code in the database.
- Open your email on the same computer and browser you used in Step 1. Click the download link and install the certificate file.
- Back up your certificate. Export the file from your browser settings and save it in a secure cloud folder with a password.
How to sign up for Cl@ve
The Cl@ve system is easier to use on a smartphone. You can register online if you already have a digital certificate, or in person at a registry office.
Steps to register for Cl@ve
- Download the “Cl@ve” app from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store.
- Select the registration option. If you have your digital certificate installed on the phone, the app will import your details automatically.
- If you do not have a digital certificate, select the registration code option. The tax agency will mail a carta de invitación (invitation letter) containing a code to your registered home address.
- Open the app, input the code from the letter, and verify your phone number via SMS.
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Document checklist for identity verification
You must bring these documents to your in-person appointment. If your documents are incomplete, the clerk will reject your request.
Document checklist
- Your printed nine-digit FNMT request code
- Your physical passport
- Your original green NIE certificate (or TIE card)
- A copy of your empadronamiento certificate (recommended, some offices require it)
Questions and answers
Can I get a digital certificate without an NIE?
No. You must have a valid NIE or DNI number to register. You cannot apply using a passport number alone.
Can I install the certificate on my phone?
Yes. Once you install the certificate in your desktop browser, export it as a .p12 or .pfx file. Send this file to your phone and open it to install the certificate in your mobile settings.
What should I do if I lose my certificate?
Revoke it. If you lose your computer or suspect someone has copied your file, visit the FNMT website and file a request to revoke the certificate. You must then apply for a new one from scratch.
Does the digital certificate expire?
Yes. The certificate is valid for 4 years. You can renew it online through the FNMT website during the 60 days before it expires, without visiting a registry office again.
